Complexes of Ruthenium, Method of Production Thereof And Use Thereof As (Pre)Catalysts of the Metathesis Reaction

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides ruthenium complexes of the formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein:
         X and X′ denote an anionic ligand selected independently from the group consisting of anions of halogens, the phenolate anion (C 6 H 5 O − ) the perfluorophenolate anion (C 6 F 5 O − ), and residues of arylcarboxylic, alkylcarboxylic, perfluoroalkylcarboxylic, alkylsulphonic, arylsulphonic, or perfluoroalkylsulphonic acids;   A denotes either nitrogen or carbon with an R 5  group;   R 1  denotes hydrogen, C 1 -C 5  alkyl, C 2 -C 5  alkene or C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl; and   R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7  denote independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 25  alkyl, C 1 -C 25  perfluoroalkyl, C 5 -C 24  aryl, C 2 -C 25  alkene, C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl, nitro (—NO 2 ), cyano (—CN), formyl (—CHO), carboxyl (—COOH), or an ester (—COOR″), sulphone (—SO 2 R″), sulphonamide (—SO 2 NR″ 2 ), or ketone (—COR″) group, in which R″ is a C 1 -C 5  alkyl, C 1 -C 5  perfluoroalkyl, or C 5 -C 24  aryl group.       

     The invention also provides methods for producing the inventive ruthenium complexes and the use of the complexes for carrying out metathesis reactions.

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/303,615, filed Apr. 3, 2009, which in turn is a national stage application of PCT Application No. EP2007/004901, filed Jun. 1, 2007. The disclosures of the above-referenced applications are hereby incorporated by reference into the present disclosure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to novel metal complexes with formula 1, where

-   -   M denotes ruthenium or osmium,     -   L denotes a neutral ligand, selected from the group comprising         amines, imines, phosphines (preferably stilbines, arsines,         alcohols, thiols, ethers and thioethers or the N-heterocyclic         carbene ligand (NHC) represented by formula 9, where         -   B denotes the methylene (—C—), 1,2-ethylene (—C—C—),             1,3-propenyl (—C—C—C—), 1,2-ethenylene (—C═C—) or azaethenyl             (—N═C—) residue, unsubstituted or substituted with halogens,             C₅-C₂₄ aryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₁₃ perfluoroalkyl, C₁-C₆             cycloalkyl groups, moreover the alkyl groups may be joined             together in a ring; preferably B denotes 1,2-ethylene             (—CH₂—CH₂—)         -   R and R′ denote, independently of one another, C₅-C₂₄ aryl,             C₅-C₂₄ perfluoroaryl, C₁-C₂₆ alkyl, C₁-C₂₆ perfluoroalkyl,             C₁-C₇ cycloalkyl groups, unsubstituted or substituted with             halogens, C₅-C₂₄ aryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₁₃ perfluoroalkyl,             C₁-C₆ cycloalkyl groups, moreover the alkyl groups may be             joined together in a ring, preferably R and R′ denote,             independently of one another, phenyl groups substituted with             C₁-C₂₆ alkyl residues, most preferably 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl         -   X and X′ denote an anionic ligand, selected independently of             one another from the group comprising anions of halogens,             the phenolate anion (C₆H_(S)O⁻) and perfluorophenolate anion             (C₆F₅O⁻), residues of arylcarboxylic, alkylcarboxylic,             perfluoroalkylcarboxylic, alkylsulphonic, arylsulphonic,             perfluoroalkylsulphonic acids, preferably chlorine     -   R¹ denotes hydrogen, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkene or C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, preferably hydrogen     -   R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ denote, independently, hydrogen, C₁-C₂₅         alkyl, C₁-C₂₅ perfluoroalkyl, C₅-C₂₄ aryl, C₂-C₂₅ alkene or         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, the nitro (—NO₂), cyano (—CN), carboxyl         (—COOH), ester (—COOR″), sulphone (—SO₂R″), formyl (—CHO),         sulphonamide (—SO₂NR″₂), or ketone (—COR″) group, in which         groups R″ has the following meaning: C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅         perfluoroalkyl, C₅-C₂₄ aryl,     -   A denotes either nitrogen or carbon placed with an R⁵ group         having the meaning given above         and a method of production thereof.

Compounds of formula 1 occur as two isomers: with formula 1a, in which atoms X and X′ are arranged trans relative to one another (see for example FIG. 1), and with formula 1b, in which atoms X and X′ are arranged cis relative to one another (see for example FIG. 2). The invention also relates to the use of the compounds of formula 1, both as the pure isomers with formula 1a and with formula 1b and of mixtures thereof, as (pre)catalysts in processes of metathesis.

In applications of metathesis of olefins in organic synthesis, much progress has been achieved in recent years especially in the fields of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry. Practical applications, especially on an industrial scale, require these complexes to be stable for a prolonged time in conditions of elevated temperature and it should be possible to store, transport and use them without a protective gas atmosphere. Rapidly initiating (pre)catalysts, for example of formula 2, in which Mes denotes 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, are often characterized by lower thermal stability. In addition, some metathesis reactions, especially polymerizations (ROMP, ADMET), are difficult to control in the case of rapidly initiating (pre)catalysts. For this reason it may be advantageous to use (pre)catalysts that are characterized by a lower rate of initiation of the metathesis reaction and that possess high thermal and chemical stability (Organometallics 2005, 24, 2255). This group of (pre)catalysts has found application in particular in polymer chemistry, as initiators permitting controlled polymerization. Representatives of such (pre)catalysts are the pyridine derivatives represented by formula 3, in which iPr denotes isopropyl (Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2000, 606, 65) and 4 (Organometallics 2004, 23, 5399).

It was found, unexpectedly, that the novel complexes of ruthenium and osmium according to the invention represented by formula 1 are particularly advantageous as (pre)catalysts, they display a low rate of initiation in ring-closure metathesis, and permit a controlled reaction of polymerization by ring opening, while displaying unusually high thermal stability and resistance to oxygen and moisture.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The complexes of ruthenium and osmium according to the invention are represented by formula 1, in which:

-   -   M denotes ruthenium or osmium,     -   L denotes a neutral ligand, selected from the group comprising         amines, imines, phosphines (preferably stilbines, arsines,         alcohols, thiols, ethers and thioethers or the N-heterocyclic         carbene ligand (NHC) represented by formula 9, where         -   B denotes the methylene (—C—), 1,2-ethylene (—C—C—),             1,3-propenyl (—C—C—C—), 1,2-ethenylene (—C═C—) or azaethenyl             (—N═C—) residue, unsubstituted or substituted with halogens,             C₅-C₂₄ aryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₁₃ perfluoroalkyl, C₁-C₆             cycloalkyl groups, moreover the alkyl groups may be joined             together in a ring; preferably B denotes 1,2-ethylene             (—CH₂-CH₂—)         -   R and R′ denote, independently of one another, C₅-C₂₄ aryl,             C₅-C₂₄ perfluoroaryl, C₁-C₂₆ alkyl, C₁-C₂₆ perfluoroalkyl,             C₁-C₇ cycloalkyl groups, unsubstituted or substituted with             halogens, C₅-C₂₄ aryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₁₃ perfluoroalkyl,             C₁-C₆ cycloalkyl groups, moreover the alkyl groups may be             joined together in a ring, preferably R and R′ denote,             independently of one another, phenyl groups substituted with             C₁-C₂₆ alkyl residues, most preferably 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl         -   X and X′ denote an anionic ligand, selected independently of             one another from the group comprising anions of halogens,             the phenolate anion (C₆H_(S)O⁻) and perfluorophenolate anion             (C₆F₅O⁻), residues of arylcarboxylic, alkylcarboxylic,             perfluoroalkylcarboxylic, alkylsulphonic, arylsulphonic,             perfluoroalkylsulphonic acids, preferably chlorine     -   R¹ denotes hydrogen, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkene or C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, preferably hydrogen     -   R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ denote, independently, hydrogen, C₁-C₂₅         alkyl, C₁-C₂₅ perfluoroalkyl, C₅-C₂₄ aryl, C₂-C₂₅ alkene or         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, the nitro (—NO₂), cyano (—CN), carboxyl         (—COOH), ester (—COOR″), sulphone (—SO₂R″), formyl (—CHO),         sulphonamide (—SO₂NR″2), or ketone (—COR″) group, in which         groups R″ has the following meaning: C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅         perfluoroalkyl, C₅-C₂₄ aryl,     -   A denotes either nitrogen or carbon placed with an R⁵ group         having the meaning given above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 and 2: structural drawings of the compounds of formulas 10a and 10b.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The compounds of formula 1 occur as two isomers: 1a, in which atoms X and X′ are arranged trans relative to one another (see for example FIG. 1), and 1b, in which atoms X and X′ are arranged cis relative to one another (see for example FIG. 2).

The method of production of the complexes of ruthenium and osmium of formula 1, in which:

-   -   M denotes ruthenium or osmium,     -   L denotes a neutral ligand, selected from the group comprising         amines, imines, phosphines (preferably stilbines, arsines,         alcohols, thiols, ethers and thioethers or the N-heterocyclic         carbene ligand (NHC) represented by formula 9, where         -   B denotes the methylene (—C—), 1,2-ethylene (—C—C—),             1,3-propenyl (—C—C—C—), 1,2-ethenylene (—C═C—) or azaethenyl             (—N═C—) residue, unsubstituted or substituted with halogens,             C₅-C₂₄ aryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₁₃ perfluoroalkyl, C₁-C₆             cycloalkyl groups, moreover the alkyl groups may be joined             together in a ring; preferably B denotes 1,2-ethylene             (—CH₂—CH₂—)         -   R and R′ denote, independently of one another, C₅-C₂₄ aryl,             C₅-C₂₄ perfluoroaryl, C₁-C₂₆ alkyl, C₁-C₂₆ perfluoroalkyl,             C₁-C₇ cycloalkyl groups, unsubstituted or substituted with             halogens, C₅-C₂₄ aryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₁₃ perfluoroalkyl,             C₁-C₆ cycloalkyl groups, moreover the alkyl groups may be             joined together in a ring, preferably R and R′ denote,             independently of one another, phenyl groups substituted with             C₁-C₂₆ alkyl residues, most preferably 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl         -   X and X′ denote an anionic ligand, selected independently of             one another from the group comprising anions of halogens,             the phenolate anion (C₆H_(S)O⁻) and perfluorophenolate anion             (C₆F₅O⁻), residues of arylcarboxylic, alkylcarboxylic,             perfluoroalkylcarboxylic, alkylsulphonic, arylsulphonic,             perfluoroalkylsulphonic acids, preferably chlorine     -   R¹ denotes hydrogen, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkene or C₃-C₇         cycloalkyl, preferably hydrogen     -   R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ denote, independently, hydrogen, C₁-C₂₅         alkyl, C₁-C₂₅ perfluoroalkyl, C₅-C₂₄ aryl, C₂-C₂₅ alkene or         C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, the nitro (—NO₂), cyano (—CN), carboxyl         (—COOH), ester (—COOR″), sulphone (—SO₂R″), formyl (—CHO),         sulphonamide (—SO₂NR″2), or ketone (—COR″) group, in which         groups R″ has the following meaning: C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅         perfluoroalkyl, C₅-C₂₄ aryl,     -   A denotes either nitrogen or carbon placed with an R⁵ group         having the meaning given above,         is based according to the invention on reacting an intermediate         with formula 5, in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and A have         the meanings given above, with a carbene complex of ruthenium or         osmium of formula 6, in which     -   M denotes ruthenium or osmium,     -   L, L¹ and L² denote, independently of one another, a neutral         ligand selected from the group comprising amines, imines,         phosphines, preferably stilbines, arsines, alcohols, thiols,         ethers and thioethers or an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC)         represented by formula 9, with L² optionally denoting absence of         a ligand (vacancy),     -   R⁸ and R⁹ denote, independently of one another, C₅-C₂₄ aryl         groups, C₁-C₂₆ alkyl groups, C₁-C₇ cycloalkyl groups,         unsubstituted or substituted with halogens, with C₅-C₂₄ aryl         groups, with C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₁₃ perfluoroalkyl and C₁-C₆         cycloalkyl groups, and optionally groups R⁸ and R⁹ are joined         together in a ring or form a fragment of an aromatic compound,         preferably R⁸ denotes hydrogen and R⁹ denotes phenyl,     -   X and X′ have the meaning given above

In the method according to the invention compounds of formula 1a and 1b are obtained as represented in Scheme II (experimental data) in a reaction between an N-heterocyclic aromatic compound with formula 5 and a complex of ruthenium or osmium with formula 6, optionally in the presence of a copper(I) salt, preferably copper(I) chloride. The reaction is carried out in chlorinated solvents, or in aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, or in mixtures thereof, preferably in methylene chloride for a time from 1 min to 250 h at a temperature from 0 to 150° C.

In addition, the pure isomer with formula 1b or a mixture of isomers with formula 1a and with formula 1b, with proportions of 1a and 1b from 100:0 to 0:100, can be obtained as a result of isomerization of a solution of compound 1a in chlorinated solvents, preferably methylene chloride, or in aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, or in mixtures thereof, for a time from 1 minute to 250 h at a temperature from 0 to 150° C.

The synthetic sequences that find general application in the production of (pre)catalysts with formula 1 are represented generally in Schemes I, III and V and as an example of synthesis of (pre)catalysts of formula 10, 11, 12, 13 in Schemes II, IV and VI-XII and XVII. These routes of synthesis are generally suitable for production of compounds with formula 1.

(Pre)catalysts of formula 1 according to the invention find application in a wide range of metathesis reactions. They make it possible to conduct reactions of ring-closure metathesis (RCM), and metathesis of the “alkene-alkyne” (ene-yne) type, but they find particular application in reactions of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Unexpectedly, the novel (pre)catalysts of formula 1 described here proved to be slower initiators of RCM reactions than for example the comparable known (pre)catalyst of formula 3, while retaining good properties in the polymerization reaction.

A comparative example using selected (pre)catalysts shows a slower course of initiation in the case of compounds of formula 1 (Scheme XIII) Further examples explain the use of the novel (pre)catalysts in different types of metathesis reactions: Schemes XIV-XVI.

Examples of application of the invention are presented below.

EXAMPLE I Production of a Compound with Formula 1a Generally (Scheme I) and Particularly of Compound 10a (Scheme II)

Using a protective atmosphere of argon, a Schlenk flask was charged with a solid carbene metal complex of formula 6, in which M denotes ruthenium, X and X′ denote chlorine, L denotes absence of a ligand, L¹ denotes tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy₃), L² is an NHC ligand with formula 9, in which B denotes an ethylene fragment (—CH₂CH₂—), R and R′ denote 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, R⁸ hydrogen and R⁹ phenyl (so-called Grubbs second-generation catalyst, 102 mg, 0.12 mmol), anhydrous CuCI (13 mg, 0.12 mmol), and dry deoxidized CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml) was added. Then a solution of compound 5 was added, in which R¹═R²═R³═R⁴═R⁵═R⁶═R⁷═H, and A denotes carbon, (20.5 mg, 0.132 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml). The suspension obtained was stirred at 40° C. for 20 min. From this moment all subsequent operations were performed in air, without the need to use the protective atmosphere of argon. The reaction mixture was concentrated in an evaporator and the material obtained was fed to a short chromatography column packed with silica gel. The column was developed using pure ethyl acetate, collecting a green fraction. After evaporating the solvent and washing the residue with a small amount of a mixture of ethyl acetate and cold n-pentane, complex 10a was obtained as a green, microcrystalline solid (62 mg, 89% yield). Rf=0.30 (ethyl acetate); ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₂Cl₂): 17.05 (s, 1H), 8.36 (dd, 1H, J=1.3, 3.6 Hz), 7.26-8.25 (m, 4H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 4.14 (s, 4H), 2.46-2.51 (m, 18H) ppm; ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CD₂Cl₂): 288.0, 212.9, 155.7, 151.7, 146.3, 139.0, 137.1, 134.0, 131.7, 129.7, 129.3, 124.6, 123.4, 116.8, 52.1, 21.3, 19.4 ppm; IR (KBr): 3436, 2950, 2915, 2735, 1733, 1607, 1589, 1496, 1481, 1417, 1401, 1379, 1318, 1263, 1211, 1175, 1154, 1133, 1095, 1035, 992, 915, 850, 833, 792, 773, 748, 646, 618, 592, 578, 512, 426, 414 cm⁻¹; MS (ESI): 625 [M−CI+CH₃CN]⁺. Crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained from benzene/n-hexane solution.

EXAMPLE II Production of Compound 1b Generally (Scheme III) and Particularly of Compound 10b (Scheme IV)

Using a protective atmosphere of argon, a Schlenk flask was charged with a solid carbene complex of formula 6, in which M denotes ruthenium, X and X′ denote chlorine, L denotes absence of a ligand, L¹ denotes tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy₃), L² is an NHC ligand with formula 9, in which B denotes a —CH₂CH₂— fragment, R and R′ denote 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, R⁸ hydrogen and R⁹ phenyl (so-called Grubbs second-generation catalyst, 102 mg, 0.12 mmol), and dry deoxidized CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml) was added. Then a solution of compound 5 was added, in which R¹═R²═R³═R⁴═R⁵═R⁶═R⁷═H, and A denotes nitrogen, (20.5 mg, 0.132 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml). The suspension obtained was stirred at 40° C. for 20 min and was then left unstirred at room temperature for 150 h. From this moment all subsequent operations were performed in air, without the need to use the protective atmosphere of argon. The reaction mixture was concentrated in an evaporator and the material obtained was fed to a short chromatography column packed with silica gel. The column was developed using pure ethyl acetate, collecting a wide green fraction. After evaporating the solvent and washing the residue with a small amount of a 1:1 mixture of CH₂Cl₂ and cold n-pentane, compound 10b was obtained as a dark green, microcrystalline solid (52 mg, 72% yield). IR (KBr): 3447, 2922, 2854, 2735, 1819, 1731, 1628, 1607, 1588, 1570, 1496, 1481, 1437, 1400, 1380, 1316, 1291, 1263, 1209, 1176, 1131, 1036, 987, 914, 845, 817, 796, 781, 742, 696, 639, 624, 577, 477, 453, 427 cm⁻¹. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) 2.90-1.40 (m, 18H), 4.30-3.60 (m, 4H), 6.15-8.05 (m, 4H), 8.14 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 17.44 (s, 1H) ppm. ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) 19.1, 21.2, 119.1, 123.5, 124.4, 127.6, 130.0, 133.2, 151.2, 152.8, 157.6, 217.7, 282.3 ppm. Crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained from methylene chloride/n-hexane solution.

Example III Production of Compound 1b by Isomerization of 1a Generally (Scheme V) and Particularly of Compound 10b (Scheme VI)

Compound 10a (62 mg, 0.12 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (1 ml). The solution was left in a dark place at room temperature for 3 days, in an argon atmosphere. After this time the solution was concentrated to dryness and washed with a mixture of solvents: ethyl acetate/n-pentane, and then methyl chloride/n-pentane. After drying, 10b was obtained as a dark green solid (48%, 30 mg). The product possesses analyses that tally with those obtained previously.

Example IV Production of Compound 10 as a Mixture of Isomers 10a and 10b (Scheme XVII)

Using a protective atmosphere of argon, a Schlenk flask was charged with a solid carbene complex of formula 6, in which M denotes ruthenium, X and X′ denote chlorine, L denotes absence of a ligand, L¹ denotes tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy₃), L² is an NHC ligand with formula 9, in which B denotes a —CH₂CH₂— fragment, R and R′ denote 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, R⁸ hydrogen and R⁹ phenyl (so-called Grubbs second-generation catalyst, 102 mg, 0.12 mmol), anhydrous CuCI (13.1 mg, 0.132 mmol), and dry deoxidized CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml) was added. Then a solution of compound 5 was added, in which R¹═R²═R³═R⁴═R⁵═R⁶═R⁷═H, and A denotes carbon, (20.6 mg, 0.132 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml). The suspension obtained was stirred at 40° C. for 20 min and was then left unstirred at room temperature for 25 h. From this moment all subsequent operations were performed in air, without the need to use the protective atmosphere of argon. The reaction mixture was concentrated in an evaporator and the material obtained was fed to a short chromatography column packed with silica gel. The column was developed using pure ethyl acetate, collecting a wide green fraction. After evaporating the solvent and washing the residue with a small amount of a 1:1 mixture of CH₂Cl₂ and cold n-pentane, compound 10 was obtained as a mixture of isomers 10a and 10b in proportions 50/50, as a dark green, microcrystalline solid (54 mg, 72% yield). Rf=0.30 (ethyl acetate).

Example V Production of Compound 11a (Scheme VII)

Using a protective atmosphere of argon, a Schlenk flask was charged with a solid carbene complex of formula 6, in which M denotes ruthenium, X and X′ denote chlorine, L denotes absence of a ligand, L¹ denotes tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy₃), L² is an NHC ligand with formula 9, in which B denotes a —CH₂CH₂— fragment, R and R′ denote 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, R⁸ hydrogen and R⁹ phenyl (so-called Grubbs second-generation catalyst, 101.9 mg, 0.12 mmol), anhydrous CuCI (13.1 mg, 0.12 mmol), and dry deoxidized CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml) was added. Then a solution of compound 5 was added, in which R¹═R²═R³═R⁴═R⁵═R⁶═R⁷═H, and A denotes nitrogen, (20.5 mg, 0.132 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml). The suspension obtained was stirred at 40° C. for 20 min. From this moment all subsequent operations were performed in air, without the need to use the protective atmosphere of argon. The reaction mixture was concentrated in an evaporator and the material obtained was fed to a short chromatography column packed with silica gel. The column was developed using pure ethyl acetate, collecting a green fraction. After evaporating the solvent and washing the residue with a small amount of a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ and cold n-pentane, complex 11 was obtained as a dark green, microcrystalline solid (52 mg, 72% yield). Rf=0.30 (ethyl acetate); IR (KBr): 3439, 2953, 2920, 2855, 2735, 1943, 1730, 1630, 1607, 1574, 1484, 1420, 1379, 1264, 1202, 1149, 1080, 1035, 927, 910, 853, 834, 774, 716, 646, 578, 514, 473, 419 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) 2.38-2.50 (m, 18H), 4.16 (s, 4H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.62 (s, 1H), 8.38 (m, 1H), 8.45 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.57 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 17.00 (s, 1H) ppm. ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) 19.2, 21.2, 51.7, 116.6, 124.0, 126.5, 128.6, 129.5, 134.9, 136.2, 138.5, 138.8, 141.6, 144.2, 145.6, 147.9, 155.2, 210.5, 288.2 ppm. MS (ESI): 626 [M−Cl+CH₃CN]⁺.

EXAMPLE VI Production of Compound 11a (Scheme VIII)

Using a protective atmosphere of argon, a Schlenk flask was charged with a solid carbene complex of formula 6, in which M denotes ruthenium, X and X′ denote chlorine, L denotes an NHC ligand with formula 9, in which B denotes a —CH₂CH₂— fragment, R and R′ denote 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, L1 and L2 denote 3-bromopyridine, R⁸ denotes hydrogen and R⁹ phenyl (so-called Grubbs third-generation catalyst, 101.9 mg, 0.12 mmol), anhydrous CuCl (13.1 mg, 0.12 mmol), and dry deoxidized CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml) was added. Then a solution of compound 5 was added, in which R¹═R²═R³═R⁴═R⁵═R⁶═R⁷═H, and A denotes nitrogen, (20.5 mg, 0.132 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml). The suspension obtained was stirred at 40° C. for 20 min. From this moment all subsequent operations were performed in air, without the need to use the protective atmosphere of argon. The reaction mixture was concentrated in an evaporator and the material obtained was fed to a short chromatography column packed with silica gel. The column was developed using pure ethyl acetate, collecting a green fraction. After evaporating the solvent and washing the residue with a small amount of a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ and cold n-pentane, complex 11 was obtained as a dark green, microcrystalline solid (52 mg, 70% yield).

EXAMPLE VII Production of Compound 11b (Scheme IX)

Complex 11a (trans isomer, 55 mg, 0.115 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (2 ml). The solution was left in a dark place at room temperature for 3 days, in an argon atmosphere. After this time the solution was concentrated to dryness and washed with a mixture of solvents: methylene chloride/n-pentane. After drying, a dark brown solid was obtained (cis isomer, 62%, 34 mg). IR (KBr): 3436, 2921, 2855, 1942, 1725, 1630, 1593, 1483, 1442, 1404, 1379, 1314, 1266, 1219, 1195, 1154, 1079, 1034, 929, 907, 853, 823, 805, 768, 717, 667, 645, 630, 577, 474, 443, 420 cm⁻¹. ¹H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) 1.84-2.51 (m, 18H), 4.0-4.15 (s, 4H), 7.08 (s, 4H), 7.50-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.58 (m, 1H), 8.38 (m, 1H), 8.48 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 17.30 (s, 1H) ppm.

EXAMPLE VIII Production of Compound 1 Generally (Scheme I) and Particularly of Compound 12a (Scheme X)

Using a protective atmosphere of argon, a Schlenk flask was charged with a solid carbene complex of formula 6, in which M denotes ruthenium, X and X′ denote chlorine, L denotes absence of a ligand, L¹ and L² denote PCy₃, and R⁸ denotes hydrogen and R⁹ phenyl (so-called Grubbs first-generation catalyst, 146.6 mg, 0.25 mmol), anhydrous CuCI (24.6 mg, 0.25 mmol), and dry deoxidized CH₂Cl₂ (5 ml) was added. Then a solution of compound 5 was added, in which R¹═R²═R³═R⁴═R⁵═R⁶═R⁷═H, and A denotes carbon, (34.1 mg, 0.23 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 ml). The suspension obtained was stirred at 35° C. for 2 min. From this moment all subsequent operations were performed in air, without the need to use the protective atmosphere of argon. The reaction mixture was concentrated in an evaporator and the material obtained was fed to a short chromatography column packed with silica gel. The column was developed using pure ethyl acetate, collecting a green fraction. After evaporating the solvent and washing the residue with a small amount of a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ and cold n-pentane, complex 12a was obtained as a pale green, microcrystalline solid (83 mg, 70% yield). Rf=0.40 (ethyl acetate).

EXAMPLE IX Production of Compound 1 Generally (Scheme I) and Particularly of Compound 12a (Scheme XI)

Using a protective atmosphere of argon, a Schlenk flask was charged with a solid carbene complex of formula 6, in which M denotes ruthenium, X and X′ denote chlorine, L denotes absence of a ligand, L¹ and L² denote PCy₃, and R⁸ and R⁹ denote an indenylidene residue (184.6 mg, 0.20 mmol), anhydrous CuCI (21.8 mg, 0.22 mmol), and dry deoxidized CH₂Cl₂ (5 ml) was added. Then a solution of compound 5 was added, in which R¹═R²═R³═R⁴═R⁵═R⁶═R⁷═H, and A denotes carbon, (34.1 mg, 0.22 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 ml). The suspension obtained was stirred at 35° C. for 2 min. From this moment all subsequent operations were performed in air, without the need to use the protective atmosphere of argon. The reaction mixture was concentrated in an evaporator and the material obtained was fed to a short chromatography column packed with silica gel. The column was developed using pure ethyl acetate, collecting a green fraction. After evaporating the solvent and washing the residue with a small amount of a mixture of CH₂Cl₂ and cold n-pentane, complex 12a was obtained as a pale green, microcrystalline solid (84 mg, 70% yield). Rf=0.40 (ethyl acetate).

EXAMPLE X Production of Compound 1 Generally (Scheme I) and Particularly of Compound 13a (Scheme XII)

Using a protective atmosphere of argon, a Schlenk flask was charged with a solid carbene complex of formula 6, in which M denotes ruthenium, X and X′ denote chlorine, L denotes absence of a ligand, L¹ denotes tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3), L² is an NHC ligand with formula 9, in which B denotes a —CH₂CH₂— fragment, R and R′ denote 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, R⁸ hydrogen and R⁹ phenyl (so-called Grubbs second-generation catalyst, 102 mg, 0.12 mmol), anhydrous CuCI (13 mg, 0.132 mmol), and dry deoxidized CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml) was added. Then a solution of compound 5 was added, in which R¹═R³═R⁴═R⁵═R⁶═R⁷═H, R²═CN and A denotes carbon, (20.5 mg, 0.132 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml). The suspension obtained was stirred at 40° C. for 20 min. From this moment all subsequent operations were performed in air, without the need to use the protective atmosphere of argon. The reaction mixture was concentrated in an evaporator and the material obtained was fed to a short chromatography column packed with silica gel. The column was developed using pure ethyl acetate, collecting a green fraction. After evaporating the solvent and washing the residue with a small amount of a mixture of ethyl acetate and cold n-pentane, complex 13a was obtained as a green, microcrystalline solid (69 mg, 89% yield). Rf=0.30 (ethyl acetate).

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS EXAMPLE XI Use of Compounds 1 as Catalyst in Reactions of Ring-closure Metathesis and ene-yne Cycloisomerization (Schemes XIII-XV)

3-cyclopentene-1,1-diethyl dicarboxylate, P1. A solution of diene S1 (84.1 mg, 0.35 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (15 ml) was put in a Schlenk flask, and a solution of catalyst 10a (10.8 mg, 0.018 mmol, 5 mol.%) in CH₂Cl₂ (2.5 ml) was added at a temperature of 21-23° C. It was stirred at this temperature, and samples (0.25 ml) of the reaction mixture were taken after 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 24 h (the reaction was stopped immediately after taking the sample by adding a suitable amount of 1M ethyl-vinyl ether solution). The degree of conversion in each sample was calculated on the basis of gas chromatography (32%). Product P1 was identified by comparing with a reference standard.

In a similar reaction, (pre)catalyst 10b made it possible to obtain P1 at a yield of 14%, (pre)catalyst 11a at a yield of 38% and 11b at 18% yield.

In accordance with the data: Organometallics 2004, 23, 5399-5401, the catalyst of formula 4 catalyses, in similar reaction conditions, the formation of product P1 at a yield of 45%.

EXAMPLE XII

1-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulphonyl]-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyroline, P2. A solution of catalyst 11a (10.8 mg, 5 mol. %) in CH₂Cl₂ (2.5 ml) was added to a solution of diene S2 (84.1 mg, 0.35 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (15 ml). The contents of the flask were stirred at a temperature of 21-23° C. for 24 hours. The raw reaction mixture was analysed by gas chromatography. The yield of product P2 was 56%.

In a similar reaction, (pre)catalyst 10a made it possible to obtain P1 at a yield of 41%, (pre)catalyst 10b at a yield of 22% and 11b at 29% yield.

EXAMPLE XIII

2,2-Diphenyl-3-vinyl-2,5-dihydrofuran, P3. A solution of substrate S3 (86.9 mg, 0.35 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3.5 ml) was put in a Schlenk flask and a solution of catalyst 10a (2.6 mg, 0.0175 mmol, 5 mol. %) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 ml) was added at a temperature of 21-23° C. It was stirred at this temperature. A sample (0.25 ml) of the reaction mixture was taken after 24 h. The degree of conversion in each sample was calculated on the basis of gas chromatography (95%). Product P1 was identified by comparing with a reference standard.

In a similar reaction, (pre)catalyst 10b made it possible to obtain P3 at a yield of 51%, (pre)catalyst 11a at a yield of 72%.

EXAMPLE XIV Use of Compound 10a as Catalyst in a Reaction of Ring-opening Metathesis. (Scheme XVI)

Polynorbornene P4. Norbornene (S4, 187 mg, 1.4 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 ml) was put in a flask and stirred at room temperature. Then a solution of catalyst 1 (8.7 mg, 1 mol. %) was added and the contents of the flask were stirred at the same temperature for 10 min. The flask contents were poured into another vessel containing 15 ml of methyl alcohol and a white solid was precipitated, and was separated by filtration and dried under reduced pressure using a vacuum pump. Product P4 was obtained (122 mg, 92% yield) as a white solid. 

What is claimed is: 1-11. (canceled)
 12. A complex of ruthenium represented by the formula

wherein: X and X′ denote an anionic ligand selected independently from the group consisting of anions of halogens, the phenolate anion (C₆H₅O⁻), the perfluorophenolate anion (C₆F₅O⁻), and residues of arylcarboxylic, alkylcarboxylic, perfluoroalkylcarboxylic, alkylsulphonic, arylsulphonic, or perfluoroalkylsulphonic acids; A denotes either nitrogen or carbon with an R⁵ group; R¹ denotes hydrogen, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₅ alkene or C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl; and R², R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ denote independently hydrogen, C₁-C₂₅ alkyl, C₁-C₂₅ perfluoroalkyl, C₅-C₂₄ aryl, C₂-C₂₅ alkene, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, nitro (—NO₂), cyano (—CN), formyl (—CHO), carboxyl (—COOH), or an ester (—COOR″), sulphone (—SO₂R″), sulphonamide (—SO₂NR″₂), or ketone (—COR″) group, in which R″ is a C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ perfluoroalkyl, or aryl group.
 13. The complex of claim 12, wherein X and X′ are chlorine.
 14. The complex of claim 12, wherein R¹ is hydrogen.
 15. The complex of claim 12, wherein A is nitrogen.
 16. The complex of claim 12, wherein A is carbon with an R⁵ group.
 17. The method for preparing the ruthenium complex of claim 12 which comprises reacting 8-ethenylquinoline with a Ru carbene catalyst.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the Ru carbene catalyst has the structure:

in which Ph represents a phenyl group and PCy₃ represents


19. The method of claim 17, wherein the Ru carbene catalyst comprises an indenylidene residue,
 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the reaction is conducted in the presence of a copper(I) salt.
 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the copper(I) salt is copper(I) chloride.
 22. The method according to claim 17, wherein the reaction is performed in a chlorinated solvent, an aliphatic solvent, a cycloaliphatic solvent or an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, or mixtures thereof.
 23. A complex of ruthenium represented by the formula

wherein Mes denotes 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl.
 24. An improved process for ring closing metathesis (RCM), wherein the improvement comprise the use of the ruthenium complex of claim 12 as an initiator or (pre)catalyst.
 25. An improved process for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), wherein the improvement comprises the use of the ruthenium complex of claim 12 as an initiator or (pre)catalyst.
 26. An improved process for metathesis of “alkene-alkyne” (ene-yne) type, wherein the improvement comprises the use of the ruthenium complex of claim 12 as an initiator or (pre)catalyst. 